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The Flood of 2008–December

It happened again on Saturday: Warm moist air hit a cold front and dumped inches and inches of rain, two inches in two hours in west-central Illinois, melting ice and snow and bringing flooding once again to the  Midwest. The Mississippi rose 2.83 feet at St. Louis on Saturday, 9.68 inches on Sunday, and 4.o5 [...]

Measuring Water Quality–Upper Mississippi River, East Channel, Prairie du Chein, Wisconsin

East Channel: Prairie du Chien
Crawford County, Wisconsin

 
 
 
 
“In the Upper Mississippi, half-buried in silt and sand, are scattered congregations of naiad mussels. They are simple creatures, little more than two strong shells or ‘valves’ enclosing a soft, formless body. Blind and virtually brainless, they lie on the river bottom with shells agape, laved in the [...]

Measuring Water Quality–Boat Gunwale Slash

Big Creek Watershed: Boat Gunwale Slash
Monroe County, Arkansas
The goal of the 1972 clean water act was to render the nation’s lakes and streams “fishable and swimmable.” We Americans spent billions to clean up sewage and other dumped materials from rivers in the first years following passage of the act only to learn that water quality [...]

The Flood of 2008–The Dead Zone

In the Spring of 2008 it rained and rained just as Midwest farmers had fertilized their fields with nitrogen-based fertilizers. The rain washed the fertilizers into streams that flow to the Mississippi, which carried them to the Gulf of Mexico. 
When the nitrate-laden freshwater from the Mississippi, lighter than the Gulf’s saltwater, reaches the Gulf, it [...]